
2022ÄêÕýÖµÖÐÈÕ°î½»Õý³£»¯ÎåÊ®ÖÜÄ꣬Ϊ´î½¨ÖÐÈÕҽѧºÏ×÷»¥»»Æ½Ì¨£¬½øÒ»²½Íƶ¯Óë¶«¾©´óѧ¼°Æä¸ÄÈÕ±¾¸ßˮƽ´óѧºÏ×÷£¬11ÔÂ17ÈÕ£¬ÓÉб¦GG¡¢¶«¾©´óѧÖ÷°ì£¬Ð±¦GGҽѧԺ¡¢¶«¾©´óѧҽѧ²¿¡¢Ð±¦GGÖÐÈÕ¶ØÄÀҽѧ×êÑÐÔº¹²Í¬³Ð°ìµÄб¦GG-¶«¾©´óѧҽѧ»¥»»ÈջÔÚУ±¾²¿Í¼Êé¹Ý»ã±¨Ìü½øÐС£


±¾´Îҽѧ»¥»»Èջ¹²ÉèÖÃËĸö·ÖÂÛ̳£¬Ñ¡È¡ÏßÉÏÏßÏÂÏà½áºÏµÄ·½Ê½½øÐУ¬Ô¼Ç뵽ŵ±´¶û½±µÃÖ÷Carol W. Greider½ÌÊÚ¡¢Randy W. Schekman½ÌÊÚ¡¢Thomas C.S¨¹dhof½ÌÊÚ£¬Öйú¹¤³ÌԺԺʿÍõºìÑô¡¢ÕÅÓ¢Ôó£¬Öйú¿ÆÑ§ÔºÔºÊ¿ËÕ¹ú»Ô¡¢³ÂºéÔ¨£¬¶«¾©´óѧˮµºÉý½ÌÊÚ¡¢É½ÏÂÈó½ÌÊÚ¡¢ÒÁÌÙ´óÖª½ÌÊÚ¡¢ÄÏѧÕý³¼½ÌÊÚ£¬¶«¾©´óѧҽѧ²¿´ÓÊôÒ½Ôº·¹‰VÑô×Ó½ÌÊÚ£¬ÖпÆÔºÉϺ£ÓªÑøÓ뽡ȫ×êÑÐËùÑî»ÆÌñ½ÌÊÚ¡¢¸´µ©´óѧ´ÓÊôÖÐɽҽԺ×ÞÔÆÔö½ÌÊÚ¡¢¶«»ª´óѧºÎ´´Áú½ÌÊÚ¡¢ÖпÆÔºÉϺ£¹èËáÑÎ×êÑÐËùÎâ³ÉÌú½ÌÊÚ¡¢¸´µ©´óѧÀî´Ï½ÌÊÚ¡¢ÉϺ£½»Í¨´óѧÕŰ¿½ÌÊÚµÈ18λ¹ú¼Ê¡¢¹úÄÚ¶¥¼âѧÕß¡¢×¨¼Ò³öϯ²¢×ö»ã±¨¡£Óë»áר¼ÒÝÓÈÆÏ¸°ûҽѧ¡¢ÐÄÄÔѪ¹Ü½¨¸´ÓëÔÙÉú¡¢Ò½¹¤½»²æ´´ÐÂÓëת»¯¡¢´´ÐÂÒ©ÎïµÄ×êÑеȻ°Ì⣬·ÖÏí×îпÆÑгɾͣ¬Ì½ÇóÒ½Ñ§Ç°ÑØÈȵ㣬½øÒ»²½¼ÓÇ¿ÁËÖÐÈÕÁ½¹úҽѧÁìÓòµÄѧÊõ»¥»»£¬Îª½ñºó¿í·ººÏ×÷µì¶¨ÁËÓÅÁ¼µÄ»ù´¡¡£

³öϯ±¾´Î»î¶¯¿ªÄ»Ê½µÄÈÕ·½¸¨µ¼¼Î±öÓУº¶«¾©´óѧ³£Îñ¸±Ð£³¤ÆëÌÙÑÓÈË£¬¶«¾©´óѧҽѧ²¿²¿³¤¸Ô²¿·±ÄУ¬¶«¾©´óѧҽѧ²¿´ÓÊôÒ½ÔºÔº³¤äþ»§Ì©Ö®£¬ÈÕ±¾Ò½¿Æ´óѧÌó¤ÏÒ¼äÕÑÑ壬¸Ôɽ´óѧ¸±Ð£³¤ÄÇÐë±£ÓÑ£¬¸Ôɽ´óѧ¸±ÀíÊ¡¢Ð±¦GG¼æÖ°½ÌÊÚ×ôÌÙ·¨ÈÊ¡£
³öϯ±¾´Î»î¶¯¿ªÄ»Ê½µÄÖз½¸¨µ¼¼Î±öÓУºÉϺ£ÊнÌίÖ÷ÈÎÍõƽ£¬ÖйúÈÚͨҽÁƽ¡È«¼¯ÍŸ±×ܾÀí¡¢ÈÚͨҽҩÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾¶Ê³¤ÀîÓ×Áú£¬ÖпÆÃñÉú¼¯ÍÅÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾¶Ê³¤·¿Ô¾£¬¸´µ©´óѧԳ£Îñ¸±Ð£³¤¡¢ÉϺ£Ò½Ñ§ÔºÔÔº³¤¹ðÓÀºÆ£¬Ë®Ê¦¾üÒ½´óѧ¸±Ð£³¤¾Ï½ðÌΣ¬ÉϺ£ÖÐÒ½Ò©´óѧ¸±Ð£³¤Êæ¾²£¬ÉϺ£½»Í¨´óѧҽѧԺ¸±Ôº³¤ºúñ´Èº£¬Í¬¼Ã´óѧҽѧԺԺ³¤Ö£¼Ó÷룬б¦GGµ³Î¯Êé¼Ç³Éµ©ºì£¬Ð±¦GGУ³¤¡¢Öйú¿ÆÑ§ÔºÔºÊ¿Áõ²ýʤ£¬Ð±¦GG¸±Ð£³¤ÍôÓ×·«£¬ÉϺ£ÊнÌί°ì¹«ÊÒ¡¢¹ú¼Ê»¥»»´¦Óйظ¨µ¼£¬Ð±¦GGÓйز¿´¦¼°ÐÖµÜѧԺ¸¨µ¼£¬ÓйØÒ½Ôº¸¨µ¼×¨¼ÒÒ²Ó¦Ñû³öϯ¿ªÄ»Ê½¡£Ð±¦GGҽѧԺԺ³¤Áõ±óÖ÷³Ö¿ªÄ»Ê½¡£

б¦GGУ³¤Áõ²ýʤԺʿÊ×ÏÈ´ú±íѧÌÃÏòÏßÉÏÏßϵÄÓë»á¼Î±ö°µÊ¾ÈÈÁÒµÄÓ½Ó£¬Ëû°µÊ¾£¬ÒÀ¸½×ÛºÏÐÔ´óѧÓÅÊÆ£¬Ð±¦GG¶ÔÖÅÃæÏòÐÔÃü½¡È«£¬ÒÔÒ½¹¤½»²æÍƶ¯Ò½Ñ§Ñ§¿Æ½¨É裬²¢Í¨¹ý¸ßˮƽ¹ú¼ÊºÏ×÷£¬´òÔìб¦GG½«À´·¢Õ¹ÐÂÓÅÊÆ¡£¶«¾©´óѧÊÇÈÕ±¾×î¸ßѧÊõµîÌã¬ÔÚҽѧ¡¢Àíѧ¡¢¹¤Ñ§µÈ¶à¸öÁìÓòÓµÓÐÊÀ½ç¼¶µÄѧÊõÓ°ÏìÁ¦£¬µÈ´ýͨ¹ýÕâ´Î»î¶¯£¬´î½¨Æðб¦GGÓë¶«¾©´óѧ³£Ì¬»¯µÄҽѧºÏ×÷»¥»»Æ½Ì¨, ÒÔ´ËÍÆ¶¯Ë«·½ÔÚÈ˲ÅÔì¾Í¡¢Ê¦×Ê»¥»»¡¢¿ÆÑкÏ×÷¡¢½áºÏҽѧԺ¹²½¨µÈ·½Ã淢չȫ·½Î»¡¢Éîµµ´ÎºÏ×÷¡£

¶«¾©´óѧ³£Îñ¸±Ð£³¤ÆëÌÙÑÓÈËÔÚÖ´ÇÖдú±í¶«¾©´óѧÏò±¾´Îҽѧ»¥»»ÈջµÄ½øÐаµÊ¾ÈÈÁÒ×£ºØ£¬ËûÖ¸³ö£¬¶«¾©´óѧ½«Í¨¹ý¼ÓÇ¿¹ú¼Ê»¯×êÑлùµØ½¨ÉèÍÆ½øÊÀ½ç¼â¶Ë×êÑУ¬Í¨¹ý¿çѧ¿ÆºÏ×÷ÍÆ½øÑ§Êõ´´Ð£¬µ«Ô¸Ð±¦GGÓë¶«¾©´óѧ¿ÉÄÜÔÚ¶à¸öÁìÓò¹²Ïí×ÊÔ´£¬ºÏ×÷»¥Í¨£¬Í¨¹ý·¢Õ¹¿ÆÑкÏ×÷¡¢Ñ§Êõ»¥»»µÈ·½Ê½Ôì¾ÍÓµÓÐÊÊÓ¦ÐÂʱÆÚÄÜÁ¦µÄ¹ú¼Ê»¯È˲ţ¬Ð¯ÊÖÓ¦¶ÔÊý×Ö»¯×ªÐÍ¡¢È˶¡ÀÏÁ仯µÈÈ«ÇòÐÔÌôÕ½¡£

¶«¾©´óѧҽѧ²¿²¿³¤¸Ô²¿·±ÄаµÊ¾£¬ÔÚÖÐÈÕ°î½»Õý³£»¯ÎåÊ®ÖÜÄêÖ®¼Ê£¬Ð±¦GG¡¢¶«¾©´óѧÕâÁ½Ëù¼«¾ß³ÇÊдú±íÐԵĴóѧ¿ÉÄÜ·¢Õ¹Ò½Ñ§Ñ§Êõ»¥»»£¬Òâ˼³Á´ó£¬¶«¾©´óѧҽѧ²¿½«ÒÔÕâ´Î»¥»»ÈջΪÆõ»ú£¬ÉîÈëÁ½Ð£»¥»»£¬Í¨¹ý¹²½¨½áºÏҽѧԺ·¢Õ¹±¾¿ÆÉú½áºÏÔì¾Í£¬ÔÚ½»²æÑ§¿ÆÁìÓò¼ÓÇ¿¿ÆÑ§×êÑУ¬Í¨¹ý½øÐÐҽѧ»¥»»ÈÕ»î¶¯ÍÆ½øÁ½Ð£Ñ§Êõ»¥»»£¬½øÒ»²½Ç©¶¨Õ½ÊõºÏ×÷ºÍ̸¡£

»áÉÏ£¬Èýλŵ±´¶û½±»ñµÃÕߣºÃÀ¹ú¼ÓÖÝ´óѧʥ¿Ë³×È·ÖУ׿Խ½ÌÊÚCarol W. Greider¡¢ÃÀ¹ú¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ²®¿ËÀû·ÖУ½ÌÊÚRandy W. Schekman¡¢ÃÀ¹ú»ô»ªµÂ¡¤ÐÝ˹ҽѧ×êÑÐËù×êÑÐÔ±Thomas C.S¨¹dhofͨ¹ýÊÓÆµ·¢À´ÁË×£ºØ¡£

ÉϺ£ÊÐÈË´ó½Ì¿ÆÎÄÎÀίԱ»áÖ÷ÈÎίԱ¡¢ÉϺ£ÊÐҽʦлá»á³¤¡¢ÉϺ£ÊÐҽѧ»á»á³¤Ð콨¹âÔÚÊÓÆµÖ´ÇÖаµÊ¾£¬ÖÐÈÕÁ½¹úµØÔµÏà½ü¡¢ÎÄ»¯Ò»Ñù£¬Ê®·ÔìÚ´ýб¦GGÓë¶«¾©´óѧ¿ÉÄܲûÑï¸÷×Ôר³¤ºÍÓÅÊÆ£¬Í¨¹ý½áºÏ°ìѧ¡¢°ìÒ½µÈ¶àÖÖ·½Ê½ÔÚÈ˲ÅÔì¾Í¡¢¿ÆÑ§×êÑеȷ½Ãæ·¢Õ¹¸ü¿í·º¡¢¸üÉî¿ÌµÄºÏ×÷£¬Ð¯ÊÖ½â¾öÈ˶¡ÀÏÁ仯¡¢°©Ö¢¡¢Ð¹ÚÒßÇéµÈÈËÀà¹²Í¬Ãæ¶ÔµÄÄÑÌâ£¬ÎªÍÆ¶¯Á½¹úÈËÃñµÄ½¡È«¸£ìíÊÂÒµ¹±Ï×Á¦Á¿¡£

б¦GGµ³Î¯Êé¼Ç³Éµ©ºìÔÚ½²»°ÖÐÖ¸³ö£¬¹ú¼ÊºÏ×÷Ò»ÏòÊÇб¦GG¼áÈͲ»°ÎµÄ·¢Õ¹Õ½Êõ£¬·¢Õ¹Ò½Ñ§Ñ§¿ÆÊǼ¸´úб¦GGÈ˹²Í¬µÄÍýÏ룬ҲÊÇб¦GG½¨ÉèÊÀ½çÒ»Á÷µÄ±ØÓÉ֮·£¬Ð±¦GG½«È«Á¦Ö§³ÖÓë¶«¾©´óѧ·¢Õ¹Ô̺¬Ò½Ñ§ÔÚÄÚµÄÈ«·½Î»Éî¶ÈºÏ×÷£¬¹²Í¬Íƶ¯Ë«·½ÔÚÈ˲ÅÔì¾Í¡¢Ê¦×Ê»¥»»¡¢¿ÆÑ§×êÑÓ×¢Ò½Ôº½¨ÉèµÈ·½Ãæ·¢Õ¹ÄÚÈÝÐÔºÏ×÷£¬ºÏ×÷¹²Ó®£¬Í¬Ä±·¢Õ¹£¬Îª½øÒ»²½¼ÓÇ¿ÉϺ£-¶«¾©Á½×ù³ÇÊеĶØÄÀÍùÀ´¡¢Ô츣Á½¹úÈËÃñµÄÐÔÃü½¡È«×ö³öÓÐÒæ¹±Ïס£

ÉϺ£ÊнÌίÖ÷ÈÎÍõƽÔÚ½²»°ÖÐÖ¸³ö£¬ÉϺ£ºÍ¶«¾©Í¬Êô¹ú¼Ê»¯¶àÊý»á£¬¼ÓÇ¿Á½µØ½ÌÓýºÏ×÷»¥»»¡¢ÊµÏÖ»¥Ñ§»¥¼øÓµÓÐÏÖʵÒâ˼£¬ÉϺ£ÊнÌί½«Ò»Èç¼ÈÍùΪб¦GG½¨Éè·¢Õ¹´´ÔìÓźñǰÌá¡¢Ìṩ¸üºÃ·þÎñ£¬ÎªÒ½Ñ§½ÌÓý·¢Õ¹´î½¨¸ü¶àºÏ×÷ƽ̨¡£µÈ´ýб¦GGÒÔÕâ´Îҽѧ»¥»»ÈջΪÐÂÆðµã£¬Óë¶«¾©´óѧÐγÉÔ½·¢·á˶ºÍÈ«ÃæµÄ»¥»»ºÏ×÷»úÔì£¬ÍÆ¶¯Ò½Ñ§È˲ÅÔì¾ÍºÍÒ½ÁƲúÒµ¶¦ÐµÄÐͬ·¢Õ¹£¬½áºÏÔì¾ÍÓµÓйú¼Ê»¯¡¢×¨Òµ»¯¡¢¸ßËØÖʵĴ´ÐÂÈ˲ţ¬ÎªÍƽøÖÐÈÕÁ½¹úÈËÎÄ»¥»»×ö³ö¸ü´ó¹±Ïס£

±¾´Îҽѧ»¥»»ÈջµÄ˳Àû½øÐУ¬ÎªÖÐÈÕÁ½¹úÉúÎïÒ½Ò©ÁìÓòµÄר¼ÒѧÕßÌṩÁËѧÊõ»¥»»Æ½Ì¨£¬ÎªÐ±¦GGÓë¶«¾©´óѧÔÚҽѧÁìÓòµÄÈ«·½Î»ºÏ×÷µì¶¨ÁËÓÅÁ¼»ù´¡£¬ÎªÍƽø¹ú¼Êҽѧ½ÌÓýÊÂÒµ·¢Õ¹¹±Ï×ÁËÁ¦Á¿¡£