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Modernity has been discussed mostly as a push factor in anthropological and sociological studies of tourism. Modernity in China, however, has worked mostly as a pull factor rather than push factor since the socialist revolution. Before the reform, tourists were mostly organized by their danwei£¨µ¥Ôª£© and guided to showcases of Chinese socialist modernity often called shifandian£¨Ê¾·¶µã£© such as Dazhai£¨´óÕ¯£©. Modernity is continuously playing as a pull factor after the reform. It is mostly rich industrialized cities and villages that attracted domestic tourists. The state also encouraged people to visit developed sites to showcase the success of the market reform. Huaxi was one of the well-known models of Chines market economy in which modernity is represented as material wealth.

Recently, however, tourist destinations are more diversified and commercialized. Also, the state is less visible in the tourist space. Furthermore, many people go on a journey in search of “authenticity” and something “extraordinary” away from modern everyday life. Now modernity works as a push factor as well as a pull factor in China. Modernity is still a pull factor in Huaxi tourism. Yet, the modernity of today’s Huaxi tourism is more market-oriented rather than state-oriented.

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